In this article we will discuss the ins and outs of banner
ads. Are they worth your advertising dollars or are they a
thing of the past?
When the Web first started, banners were all the rage.
Today, they’re pretty much passé. They’re no longer a
novelty and unless they’re super-clever, users pretty much
ignore them. Conversion rates have dropped through the floor
and many advertisers have found other ways to push their
products.
And yet, every website still contains a whopping great
banner ad splashed along the top or running up the side. In
part, that’s because they’ve become more sophisticated with
better targeting and improved graphics. But in practice,
banner ads tend to be used for one of two reasons: as a
method of gaining/ giving users through an affiliate
program; or as a way of generating revenue—or
traffic—through paid advertising.
Both these methods work to some extent, but the key is
always to make sure the economics make sense. We’ll look
closely at the math in this chapter, but before we go on to
talk about the math of banner ads—and how to tell whether
your banner campaign is worthwhile—let’s just take a look at
the terms involved. You’re going to see these words whenever
you join an affiliate program or take part in any other kind
of online marketing scheme. You should definitely be
familiar with them.
Banner Glossary
* Banner Ad — A graphic ad linked to an advertiser’s
website. These usually run across the top of the page but
can also run up the page (“skyscrapers”). Banners are
usually limited by size.
* Banner Views —The number of times a banner is seen by
users. This is usually the same as "page views," but
counts the number of times the banner is actually
downloaded rather than the number of times the page is
downloaded. Some users click away before the banner
finishes loading.
* Clicks/ Click Throughs — Banners are operated by clicking
the cursor over them. Not too surprisingly these responses
are called “clicks” or “click throughs.”
* Click Through Rate (CTR) — The percentage of users who see
the banner and click on it.
* Conversion Rate —The percentage of people who visit your
site and actually give you money. The higher the better!
* Cookies — Small files placed on a user’s computer. They’re
used for all sorts of reasons and by all sorts of sites.
Banner ads use them to make sure the user hasn’t seen the
banner recently, which banner brought them to the
advertiser’s site, and even which adverts they’ve seen
recently.
* CPM — "Cost Per Mille." The amount you pay for every
thousand times a banner is shown—the usual way of charging
for banners.
* Hits — The number of times a server receives a request for
a Web page or an image. Not a great way to measure
interest. One page can have lots of images and get lots of
hits, even if it’s only seen once. Often, people will say
"hits" when they really mean "page views" or
"impressions."
* Page Impressions or Page Views —The number of times a Web
page has been requested by the server. Much more accurate
than hits: each view is a potential customer looking at a
page of your site. But not necessarily a different
customer...
* Unique Users — The people who download a Web page,
counted by IP address. You want to bring lots of users to
your site so that you can create a broad customer base.
The same user clicking on a banner a dozen times could
cost you money without increasing your sales. Most
reputable sites will check the IP address of the person
clicking on a link and only count it once in a 24-hour
period. If a site doesn’t do this, don’t advertise with
them.
************************************************************
Banner Economics
************************************************************
Business online, like business offline, always boils down to
math: the difference between cost and revenue. If your
banner campaign is costing more than it’s earning, you won’t
be in business for very long. To figure out how your
campaign is doing, you’re going to need to know your Cost
Per Mille, your Click Through Rate and your Conversion Rate.
These are your basic tools. If you don’t know them, find
out!
Let’s say your CPM is $20, your CTR is 1%, and your
Conversion Rate is 4%. (So you’re paying $20 every 1,000
times your banner is shown, it brings you 10 new users, and
you make one sale for every 25 users the ad brings). The
question you need to ask yourself is how much are you
wasting on the 24 users who don’t buy.
Cost per visitor = $20 / 10 = $2 So each visitor costs you
$2, but you need 25 visitors to make one sale, so...
Cost per sale = $2 * 25 = $50 ...if your product is worth
less than $50, you’re making a loss.
That’s pretty simple, and as you can see, there’s not a lot
of room to maneuver here. Margins are tight on banner
advertising and that applies to both the site selling the
advertising space and the webmaster buying it.
Of course, hard cash isn’t the only way to measure the
success of a banner ad, and one reason they’re still popular
is that they’re a pretty effective branding tool. After all,
advertisers spend millions on billboards without expecting
motorists to drive straight through them and make a
purchase! On the Web, those advertisers can even be
reasonably sure that the people who see their ads will be
interested in them. But branding costs money—lots of it—with
no guarantee of results. It’s usually best left to the big
boys.
The banner ads on my sites usually send users to my
affiliate partners, and the banner ads I place on other
people’s sites usually come from my affiliate programs. They
don’t cost me anything and as long I’m making the sales to
pay my affiliate partners, everybody’s happy.
If you do decide to purchase banner advertisements though,
and if you have a very specific market in mind, make sure
they are strategically placed—on sites where the traffic
will most definitely be interested in your product or
service. Find a site that suits exactly your specific
product and you’re going to be appealing directly to your
target market.
That’s it for this week. As you can see, banner ads are not
the guaranteed money making tools that they once were but
they can still be used effectively if targeted properly. Is
banner advertising for you? Only you can determine that.
Warmly,
Vj.Uyo
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Affiliate Marketing
News Affiliate by feed
What Is Affiliate Marketing?
Digital Thoughts
In her opening keynote address at Affiliate Summit, Anne Holland of Marketing Sherpa, said that affiliate marketing bounties and commissions will reach $6.5 billion in 2006, or roughly 40% of projected 2006 online advertising expenditures. As she writes on Marketing Sherpa yesterday, “This (number) includes retail, personal finance, gaming and gambling, travel, telecom, 'Net marketing' education offers, subscription sites, and other lead generation, but it does not include contextual ad networks such as Google AdSense.” Assuming 30% margins for the advertisers, which collectively seems a bit low, her prediction indicates that affiliate marketing will generate more than $9 billion dollars in revenue, more than half of the projected Internet advertising revenues for 2006.
This year’s projected $6.5 billion in commissions represents a more than four-fold increase over the $1.5 billion the Marketing Sherpa team came up with in January of 2005. And, if accurate means this year’s tradeshow attended by roughly 1500 should see multiples more in future incarnations. The trouble for those like me in the audience, ones with an ad network and lead generation background, is trying to understand exactly what affiliate marketing is. If Affiliate Summit is any indication, affiliate marketing consists of the following - technology solutions, big brands’ merchant programs, traditional webmasters, organic search traffickers, ppc arbitragers, lead generation, and a large email undercurrent.
Unlike Ad:Tech, noticeably absent from Affiliate Summit are companies like Fastclick (part of ValueClick), Advertising.com, Specific Media, Undertone Networks, Casale Media, Revenue Science, Tribal Fusion, and the one for whom I represent, Revenue.net. These are the major display ad networks, the largest doing tens of millions monthly in revenue. Also absent from the show were the search engine marketing companies, i.e. those that offer large and small businesses in-house, ASP, and fully outsourced solutions for managing their presence on the major pay per click engines. Many of these companies focus on arguably the most technologically and algorithmically difficult piece, bid management.
At first glance, it might make sense for display ad networks and search engine management companies to display at Affiliate Summit. Those in attendance have traffic for which they need ads, as well as place ads on engines for which they could benefit by doing it more efficiently. The reason they don’t is that, at its core, affiliate marketing has a decidedly traffic-centric bias. Those displaying at Ad:Tech, SES, and OMMA, for example, don’t mind meeting publishers, but their target audience is certainly not traffic generators; it’s advertisers. Affiliate marketing on the other hand is really about the affiliate and what those who want to service them need. And, it’s with this lens that has a traffic bias that we can evaluate the pieces that comprise affiliate marketing - technology solutions, big brands’ merchant programs, traditional webmasters, organic search traffickers, ppc arbitragers, lead generation, and a large email undercurrent.
Affiliate marketing is part technology solutions, because many of the companies that want to work with third party traffic are ones that are either too small to create such a solution themselves or so large that doing so not only requires too much bureaucracy but ultimately a poor allocation of resources. As a result, companies such as Linkshare and Commission Junction exist to offer them just what they need to do. For many of you, who have spent time in internet marking but away from affiliate, the thought of a gatekeeper for offer management seems inefficient and limiting, unless that gatekeeper has guaranteed access to traffic. In part two we will discuss in detail the additional components that make up affiliate marketing.
Affiliate marketing not a game of how many, but which ones—and how to make them play
In a world where bigger often is viewed as better, some online marketers have taken this approach to populating their affiliate marketing programs. If they know they’ll pay no commission fee to an affiliate unless a click-through from that affiliate’s site actually produces a sale, what’s the harm, the rationale goes, in signing up as many affiliates as possible?
The answer to that question isn’t as obvious as it may seem. Some experts say keeping an affiliate program wide open is a strategy that’s riskier than, and at the very least not as rewarding as, limiting and defining affiliates in a retailer’s program.
“I’ve preached for years that people should focus on quality over quantity, but I still see too many e-retailers focus on getting tens of thousands of affiliates in their program without any apparent concern for quality,” says Shawn Collins, an affiliate program consultant and co-founder of the annual Affiliate Summit Conference.
Come one, come all
Collins and others cite a major drawback of a “come one, come all” affiliate program as a potential loss of brand control when marketers don’t have the time to keep up with every affiliate site on which the brand might appear. With different types of affiliates producing under different circumstances, categorizing affiliates and adapting offers accordingly may make more sense for marketers.
That’s tough to do when affiliates number in the thousands—one reason full-service affiliate networks have emerged. Yet, odds are marketers who leave all their affiliates in the same bucket are leaving money on the table, some experts say.
On the other hand, simply cutting out affiliates or barring program entry just for the sake of getting the program to a size more easily managed isn’t necessarily the best approach. Dean Rist, director of direct marketing at iRobot, which manufacturers and sells room-roaming automated vacuum cleaners, says he sees no downside in retaining most affiliates that sign up for his program, even ones that aren’t active.
“They’ve raised their hand and shown a degree of interest in your brand,” says Rist, who has been using the affiliate marketing network of DoubleClick Performics Inc. for two years. Rist sees inactive affiliates as a kind of lead generation program. “If I have to generate more revenue and boost the program, this is the group of people I am going to try first,” he says.
Advocates of cleaning up overgrown affiliate programs and those less willing to chop are after the same thing: better program performance. So the real question, experts say, is not so much a generic one on the merits of a larger versus a smaller program, but on the break-even between program size and the time and resources an individual marketer has to actively manage a program.
And marketers can’t afford to forget that managing an affiliate program isn’t just about recruiting the greatest number of affiliates or finding those that are the best fit; it also is about working with affiliates to identify and provide tools and incentives that keep them working on the marketer’s behalf.
“It’s important not only to focus on recruiting, but also after they come through the door, to have a plan to keep them active and retain them. So you should have different processes in place for educating affiliates and supporting them. If you get to a point where you can’t do that, then obviously you have too many affiliates,” Collins says.
Activity
Experts say the key metric in right-sizing an affiliate marketing program is not the number of affiliates that have signed up but the number that are active, meaning they’re driving visits to the marketer’s site, and the number that produce, meaning they’re driving sales. Those numbers will be fractions of the number constituting a marketer’s entire pool of affiliates.
The frequently cited 80/20 affiliate marketing rule—80% of a marketer’s sales will be produced by 20% of affiliates—may be closer in some cases to a 90/10 breakdown, industry veterans say.
Chris Henger, vice president of affiliate marketing at DoubleClick Performics, provides this rule of thumb based on the experience of some 250 advertisers using the vendor’s affiliate network: about 35% of affiliates approved for a marketer’s program drive visits, and of that percentage, about 35% produce sales. Henger contends these ratios likely will be higher if a retailer is pursuing a very small program—fewer than 100 affiliates—and a very selective affiliate strategy.
Frequently, long-inactive affiliates come to light when there’s a change of management at a marketer or a program passes into the hands of a new affiliate network vendor. Henger says there’s always value in growing a program’s affiliates in a controlled manner but also in cutting away dead wood.
“The primary reason you clean up and contract the size of a program is for your ability to devote time and energy to the right affiliates,” he adds. Beyond the trigger of organizational changes, DoubleClick Performics recommends cleaning up affiliate marketing programs and deactivating inactive affiliates at least twice a year to keep program management efforts centered on affiliates actively engaged in the program. For some affiliates, deactivation has the effect of jarring them into re-registration and action, experts say.
Other affiliate networks such as ValueClick Inc.’s Commission Junction also recommend removing from merchants’ affiliate programs affiliates that haven’t produced a sale in six months. “There is no point working with dormant affiliates,” says Melissa Salas, director of marketing at Buy.com.
Ample opportunity
From the perspective of having formerly managed an enormous program that retained dormant affiliates in the hope they one day would produce a sale to now managing the current Buy.com affiliate program with Commission Junction that culls inactive players, Salas prefers the latter model. Scaled to support three tiers of affiliates, the current model provides ample opportunity for every size affiliate who really wants to participate in the program to do so, she says.
“We have the staff to manage these super, middle and lower tier affiliates and provide the tools necessary for each to succeed in advertising Buy.com,” she says.
Others have found success with a different approach. Rist has gone after dormant affiliates who registered for a program but never took any further action by offering them something extra. For an affiliate program he managed in a previous position with an audio equipment manufacturer and marketer, for example, Rist says he generated an incremental $400,000 out of registered affiliates that had never put up a link to the marketer’s site by offering them a higher share of revenue to participate through the holidays, a peak sales time.
“You don’t ever want to leave rocks unturned,” he says. “But you don’t what to put a huge amount of effort into it, either.”
The rules for optimizing an affiliate program can change as it matures, and veteran affiliate marketers say this is where working to cement relationships with those who’ve emerged as top producers, rather than simply maximizing program sign-ups, gets important. One way Jos. A. Bank Clothiers Inc. keeps driving results from its 7-year-old affiliate marketing program with DoubleClick Performics is to give top-producing affiliates special commission incentives to secure prime placement of links and offers on those affiliate publisher sites.
Jos. A. Bank also gives top producers access to more detailed information on upcoming events and offers. The strategies have helped grow affiliate sales on JosBank.com by an average of 40% a year since 2001, the retailer says. “We wanted an affiliate marketing program that would engage consumers, expand our online presence and drive long-term growth,” says Pete Zophy, divisional vice president of e-commerce.
Luring producers
Consultant Collins says selectively offering incentives such as a higher commission or special deals or tools to work with is a good way to lure better producers. Some retailers, for example, will lift their ban on search engine trademark bidding for a small number of chosen affiliates.
“They don’t want affiliates that are simply going to bid on the terms, but there are some affiliates that will do a whole campaign around it,” Collins says. “These affiliates are taking a money risk with a search campaign, and they are doing a lot of hands-on work. The idea is this incents an affiliate to do some of the work on a campaign for you.”
At Drs. Foster & Smith’s 1-year-old affiliate program with network provider LinkShare Corp.—the e-retailer’s first foray into affiliate marketing—the emphasis so far has been on growing the program. To date, Gordon Magee, Internet marketing and analysis manager, has had little concern about vetting or limiting what’s already developed into a program with about 1,800 affiliates. “Part of the value of having a partner like LinkShare is that they screen affiliates for you,” he says.
While he doesn’t rule out special incentives for special affiliates, the program has done little of that so far. “It’s been more about getting our name out in the marketplace and developing relationships with affiliates,” he explains.
Magee also believes that short of any special incentives, affiliates already benefit from the site’s high conversion rate, which he describes as “well into the double digits. We don’t think of affiliate marketing as a one-way street, where we keep offering things to get positioning. We believe there is genuine value for the affiliate simply because our conversion rate is high,” he says.
Special incentives
Where special incentives may most likely come into play for the pet products retailer in the future is with a particular category of affiliates: loyalty sites that offer shoppers something retailers can’t offer themselves. The college savings program at UPromise.com provides one example of that model.
“For us, affiliate marketing has really been a customer acquisition approach. But over time, companies whose brand name is reasonably well-known will have less need for affiliates to get them new customers,” Magee says. “Yet shoppers go to those loyalty sites regularly, and if you’re not there, you won’t get their purchases.”
In settling on the right size and incentives for their affiliate program, experts say marketers should consider the type as well as the number of affiliates. Whether the sites are loyalty and rewards sites, search specialists, community and content sites, or any other type of affiliate publisher, Henger says marketers need to understand an affiliate site’s business model and how it generates traffic to decide whether it’s a fit.
“If you’re a marketer that appeals to all of those types of sites, you are probably going to have more affiliates in your program than someone who says, for instance, that they don’t want a lot of search specialists because they have their own strong search engine optimization program,” he says.
Another factor in calculating an affiliate’s value to a marketer’s program is whether key competitors are linked on that affiliate’s site.
As both affiliates and marketers get more sophisticated, new metrics for quantifying affiliate value are emerging; for instance, lifetime value metrics on the type of consumer an affiliate delivers. But whatever the depth and detail of that assessment, one rule of affiliate program management remains the same: the top-producing affiliates—by whatever valid measure a retailer employs—should get most of the retailer’s attention.
“That’s the single most important thing in growing an affiliate program, even beyond incentives,” Henger says. “Figure out who your top producers are, and then give them your energy.”
Forgotten Traffic Tactics
The August issue of Affiliate Classroom Magazine is now available and the focus this month is forgotten methods of generating traffic.
This issue touches on how offline advertising has a hidden goldmine of traffic and eager buyers; where to find this type of advertising; how to set up your offline campaign; and how to get print, radio or television advertising for far less than others are paying.
Another article covers how ezine advertising is effective, and which style ezine will get you not only visitors, but the visitors that are ready to buy.
“The Goodbye Page” will help you capitalize on your visitors’ impulse buying instinct as they try to leave your site. According to Affiliate Classroom, this technique will double your chances of making a sale, and it gives you another opportunity for an upsell.
Finally, there is a tip about a site that most people know about it, but apparently they are not using it. You can advertise for free on this site, which gets over 5 billion page views per month and ranks #34 among the most-visited websites in the world.
http://www.affiliatetip.com/affiliate-classroom
Check out the new issue
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